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Smart Contract
A blockchain program that executes predefined logic and manages on-chain state.
Chain Reorganization
A replacement of part of the current chain with an alternative accepted history.
Orphan Block
A block that has been excluded from the currently accepted chain.
Soft Fork
A blockchain rule change that introduces stricter validity requirements.
Blockchain
A distributed ledger built from a sequence of cryptographically linked blocks.
Fork
A protocol-rule change or divergence between blockchain histories.
Mempool
A collection of pending transactions waiting for block inclusion.
Consensus Mechanism
A set of rules defining how a network selects and validates blocks.
Consensus
The process of reaching agreement on valid blockchain state and history.
Light Node
A node designed to operate with reduced storage and processing requirements.
Full Node
A node capable of independently validating blockchain data against protocol rules.
Blockchain Node
A network participant that performs blockchain data, validation, or communication functions.
Stale Block
A valid competing block that remains outside the current main chain.
Hard Fork
A protocol change that introduces rules incompatible with the previous rule set.
Transaction Fee
A fee associated with processing and including a transaction in the blockchain.
Transaction Output
A UTXO transaction element that creates funds for future spending.
Transaction Input
A reference to a previous unspent output used by a new transaction.
Transaction
A signed operation that changes blockchain state according to network rules.
Block Weight
A protocol-specific metric used to determine the effective size of a block.
Block Size
The amount of data contained in an individual blockchain block.
Block Time
A time-based measure describing block production or a block timestamp.
Block Height
A number identifying the position of a block in the chain.
Block Header
The metadata portion of a block used for identification and validation.
Genesis Block
The first block of a blockchain and the starting point of its history.
Block
A blockchain data unit containing transactions and chain metadata.
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